Sep 01, 2017 a hyphomycetous fungus producing dark muriform conidia, was isolated as endophyte from trunk of aquilaria crassna in laos. To protect the endangered aquilaria species, mass plantation of aquilaria trees has become a sustainable way in asian countries to obtain the. Veronica alexander jok1, a, nurhaslina che radzi1, b. Aquilaria spp or agarwood were reported to have pharmacological activities. Thymelaeaceae are the principal source of gaharu, a valuable resin, yet information about their reproductive. The results showed that the antibodies were specific for ip3g. Growing aquilaria and production of agarwood in hill agro forest. However, the indonesian agarwoodproducing species, aquilaria malaccensis and gyrinops versteegii do not automatically produce such quality. Artificial production of agarwood oil in aquilaria sp. Download please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online. The agarwood resin collected from wounded aquilaria trees has been used in asia for aromatic or medicinal purposes from ancient times, although the mechanism underlying the formation of agarwood still remains poorly understood owing to a lack of accurate and highquality. Morphological evidence, however, excluded the fungal taxon from any of these genera. The establishment of aquilaria plantation for agarwood production has been regarded by the planters as a green gold mine of the future. Aquilaria banaensis in the germplasm resources information network grin, u.
Three indicators of economic valuelevel and proportion of income, returns to labor, and proportion of gaharu collecting households per villageare used to demonstrate the. The analysis shows that whether planting aquilaria spp. Identification of chemical compounds in agarwoodproducing. They also pointed out that aquilaria spp which is a. Effect of culture media and growth hormones on callus. In global market purest oudagarwood oil enjoys an exorbitant price tag owing to its mystical fragrance. Phylogenetic analysis of combined small subunit, 5. National fish and wildlife forensics laboratory, 1490 east main street, ashland, or 9752010, usa. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, phaeoacremonium parasitica, a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus. With the decreasing of natural agarwood, artificial cultivation has become more and more important in recent years. Agarwood or just agar is a dark resinous heartwood that forms in aquilaria. Do you know all the different species of aquilaria trees.
Costs and benefits analysis of aquilaria species on. Aquilaria malaccensis lam, commonly known as agarwood, is a highly valuable. Download distribution of aquilaria species by 15 countries. Visual inspection and singlepath sound sonic and ultrasonic wave tests have been found to correctly identify a general problem in aquilaria tree. There are five species that can be found in malaysia and the most important aquilaria species for gaharu production is a. Genome sequence of the agarwood tree aquilaria sinensis lour. The genus aquilaria was further classified in appendix ii of the convention on international trade in endangered species of fauna and flora cites as endangered. As described by cifor 1996 and ding hou 1960, upon ripening, the fruit of aquilaria spp. There are many different species of aquilaria and gyrinops that grow throughout. There was a report of one diabetic patient who was drank infusion of agarwood leaf was found to have blood sugar return to normal. Aquilaria malaccensis, from india, and malaysia has lobes 2 3mm long.
Incentives for collecting gaharu fungalinfected wood of. Formation of fragrant agarwood resin is the outcome of complex biotic, abiotic, and physical stress on the aquilaria trees. Agarwood is a kind of important and precious traditional chinese medicine. The committee took note of the document and adopted its draft decisions with minor amendments. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of the phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal use, pharmacological activities, toxicity and safety of plant materials derived from aquilaria spp. Koryo, terupen oyobi seiyu kagakunikansuru toronkai koen yoshishu. They occur particularly in the rainforests of indonesia, thailand, cambodia, laos, vietnam, malaysia, northeast india, bangladesh, the philippines, borneo and new guinea. The recovery rates of ip3g in the leaves of aquilaria spp. But people only can judge the amount of agarwood qualitatively by. It is important for the enforcement of the cites treaty to determine whether agarwood a resinous wood produced in aquilaria and gyrinops species seen in trade is from a plantation that was cultivated for sustainable production or was a wild agarwood which is usually done illegally. The properties of agarwood and agarwood oil produced from these trees may differ slightly depending on the region where they grow. The fungus was compared to morphologically similar genera, such as annellophorella, berkleasmium, canalisporium, and monodictys. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online. A number of other species are less important sources of agar wood, including some minor aquilaria spp.
There are many different species of aquilaria trees that can turn into agarwood when wounded either naturally or artificially. Distinguishing wild from cultivated agarwood aquilaria. Because of the increasing agarwood demand, aquilaria spp. The resinous part called agarwood of genus aquilaria lam has been exploited as a source of incense by mankind since time immemorial besides its medicinal properties. Fungal and bacterial diversity isolated from aquilaria. Aquilaria species are very important economic plant for production of resin locally known as gaharu in malaysia. The produced antibody has low cross reactivity with iriflophenone 3,5. This study examines the costs and benefits of planting aquilaria spp.
The pc presented progress on agarwoodproducing taxa cop17 doc. Further, we investigated the effect of both extract on levels of blood glucose in streptotozininduced diabetic rats. Quantifying the formation of agarwood is an essential work which could provide information for guiding cultivation and controlling quality. Amaryl lids to download pdf you need some things, like my website and the name of the file. Agarwood or just agar is a dark resinous heartwood that forms in aquilaria trees large evergreens native to southeast asia when they become infected with a type of mold. Sep 25, 2015 aquilaria species are very important economic plant for production of resin locally known as gaharu in malaysia. Aquilaria is a genus of fifteen species of trees, called lign aloes or lignaloes trees, in the family thymelaeaceae, native to southeast asia. Antidiabetic activities of malaysian agarwood aquilaria spp. Historical information on aquilaria and agarwood agarwood is a resin filled wood produced in aquilaria and gyrinops trees with a long. Aquilaria malaccensis is a large evergreen tree which occurs in bangladesh, aquilaria spp. Dna barcoding of the endangered aquilaria thymelaeaceae and.
Distinguishing cultivated from wild agarwood aquilaria spp. Aquilaria malaccensis is a species of plant in the thymelaeaceae family. Several genera that might be a source of agarwood production from the family thymelaeaceae might be endangered due to the deterioration of their natural. Various species can be found in different locations all over the world. Eight species of aquilaria are listed in appendix ii of the convention on international. As consequences aquilaria and gyrinops species were listed on appendix ii of the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora cites. Directed to exporting and importing countries of agarwoodproducing taxa 16. A total of 56 individual trees of six species were selected for observations of seed production in four different study sites. Measuring agarwood formation ratio quantitatively by. Distinguishing wild from cultivated agarwood aquilaria spp.
The economic importance of gaharu is assessed in three villages on the bahau river in northcentral borneo to gain insights about the incentives for harvesting and management of a valuable nontimber forest product. Currently, there are 21 species of aquilaria trees recognized in. Aquilaria malaccensis karas di semenanjung malaysia, 2011. Growing aquilaria and production of agarwood in hill agro. Production being confined only to certain small pockets of south and southeast asia, agarwood is arguably the costliest wood in the world. There are wide spread concern about the rate at which these species are being exploited due to increasing demand for timber from industries, both locally and internationally, as well as the.
Aquilaria malaccensis agar wood, eaglewood, indian aloewood. Panduan lapangan pengenalan jenis pohon penghasil gaharu. Pdf distribution of aquilaria species by 15 countries. Spreng is one of the important plant resources involved in the production of agarwood in china. Pdf on jan 23, 2019, mohd ibrahim and others published know your trees aquilaria malaccensis find, read and cite all the research you. The growing of aquilaria in the hill agroecosystems of northern india and cultivation of agarwood as a crop using new technology could provide a new economy for the region. In vitro produced agaroil from callus nutrient of aquilaria agallocha roxb and analysis of its chemical constituents by gcms. Aquilaria sinensis, from china, has lobes 8mm long. Pdf know your trees aquilaria malaccensis researchgate. Aquilaria crassna is one source of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense. Molecular markers for aquilaria species are still insufficient and require more efficient, robust and reproducible molecular marker. This effectively placed all species in the entire aquilaria genus under cites protection, which among others requires trade permits for export purposes.